Kubernetes

Kubernetes is a new way to manage infrastructure, incorporating ideas from control theory, wherein instead of imperatively telling the system what it needs to do, we give it a state that it should aim for, and then the controllers try to get it to that state, given the reality.

Practically, it is a open source project which automates the deployment, scaling and management of containerised applications. Containers are an excellent way to deploy applications. But, as the number of components in the app keep increasing it gets harder to maintain them. As an example if a container running an app goes down, you would want it to come up automatically.

Google had an internal system called Borg for running their services. In 2014, they announced it to the world as Kubernetes. Since then, CNCF runs it among other things.